University of the Philippines, Diliman

Department of Computer Science


CS 180: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Applications of Artificial Intelligence

Foundations of Artificial Intelligence

Logic and Philosophy

Propositional Logic

Reasoning

Foundations of Artificial Intelligence

Mathematics

Algorithms

Decidability and Computability

Tractability

Probability

Foundations of Artificial Intelligence

Economics

Utility and marginal utility

Decision Theory

Game Theory

Foundations of Artificial Intelligence

Neuroscience

Neurons

Data Propagation

Foundations of Artificial Intelligence

Psychology

Behaviorism

Cognitive Science

Foundations of Artificial Intelligence

Other Fields

Computer Engineering

Control Theory and Cybernetics

Linguistics

Approaches in AI

Thinking Humanly

Thinking Rationally

Acting Humanly

Acting Rationally

Thinking Humanly

The exciting new effort to make computers think... machines with minds, in the full and literal sense.

Haugeland, 1985

[The automation of] activities that we associate with human thinking, activities such as decision-making, problem solving, learning...

Bellman, 1978

Thinking Humanly: The Cognitive Modelling Approach

Cognitive Science

A precise theory of the mind can be expressed (modelled) as a computer program.

Thinking Rationally

The study of mental faculties through the use of computational models.

Charniak and McDermott, 1985

The study of the computations that make it possible to perceive, reason, and act.

Winston, 1992

Thinking Rationally: The "Laws of Thought" Approach

Logic and syllogisms

Goal: make correct inferences

Difficult to transform informal knowledge to logical statements (i.e. uncertainties)

Computationally expensive

Acting Humanly

The art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people.

Kurzweil, 1990

The study of how to make computers do things at which, at the moment, people are better.

Rich and Knight, 1991

Acting Humanly: The Turing Test Approach

The Turing Test

proposed by Alan Turing to provide a satisfactory operational definition of intelligence

A computer passes the test if a human interrogator, after posing some written questions, cannot tell whether the written responses come from a person or from a computer

Acting Humanly: The Turing Test Approach

For a computer to pass the Turing Test, it needs to have the following:

Natural Language Processing

Knowledge Representation

Automated Reasoning

Machine Learning

Acting Humanly: The Turing Test Approach

Total Turing Test

includes a video signal to test the perceptual abilities

Computer Vision

Robotics

Acting Humanly: The Turing Test Approach

Union of the six disciplines of AI

AI researchers, however, devote little effort to pass the Turing Test

Understanding the underlying principles is more important than duplicating an exemplar

Acting Rationally

Computational Intelligence is the study of the design of intelligent agents.

Poole et al., 1998

AI... is concerned with intelligent behavior in artifacts.

Nilsson, 1998

Acting Rationally: The Rational Agent Approach

An agent is something that acts

Goal: Act so as to achieve the best outcome, or if under uncertainty, the best expected outcome

More general than the “laws of thought” approach

Mathematically well-defined